-
21 Straßenverkehrsamt
Straßenverkehrsamt
Bureau of Public Roads (US);
• Straßenverkehrsaufsicht traffic management;
• Straßenverkehrsbetrieb road-transport undertaking;
• Straßenverkehrsgesetz Road Traffic Act (Br.), traffic law;
• Straßenverkehrsgewerbe road-transport service (Br.);
• Straßenverkehrslenkung route guidance;
• Straßenverkehrsordnung Highway Code (Br.), Road Traffic Act (Br.), Uniform Traffic Code (US);
• Straßenverkehrsplanung transport planning in road sectors, traffic planning;
• Straßenverkehrsrecht road traffic law;
• Straßenverkehrssicherheit road (traffic, US) safety;
• Straßenverkehrsstatistik traffic statistics;
• Straßenverkehrsteilnehmer road user;
• Straßenverkehrstelematik road-transport telematics;
• Straßenverkehrsvorschriften rules of the road, road regulations;
• Straßenverkehrswalze steam roller;
• Straßenverkehrswesen traffic management (highway) system;
• Straßenverkehrszulassungsstelle traffic commissioner (Br.). -
22 Postleitzahlwesen
-
23 Postleitzahlsystem
-
24 Fehlerkorrektur-Codierungssystem ohne Rückkanal
Fehlerkorrektur-Codierungssystem n ohne Rückkanal NRT forward error correcting system, error correcting code system (Voraussetzung: an den gestörten Kanal angepasste fehlerkorrigierende Codierung)Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Fehlerkorrektur-Codierungssystem ohne Rückkanal
-
25 Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
-
26 Strombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Strombelastbarkeit, f
-
27 Einkommensteuerschuld
Einkommensteuerschuld f STEUER income-tax liability* * *f < Steuer> income-tax liability* * *Einkommensteuerschuld
income-tax liability (obligation);
• Einkommensteuersenkung income-tax reduction (cut), cut in income tax;
• Einkommensteuerstatus filing status;
• Einkommensteuerstufe income-tax bracket;
• einer niedrigen Einkommensteuerstufe angehören to be in low income brackets (US);
• Einkommensteuersystem income-tax system;
• Einkommensteuertabelle income-tax schedule (scale);
• Einkommensteuertarif revenue tariff, taxpayer’s code, [personal] income-tax rate;
• Einkommensteuerüberzahlung excess payment of income tax. -
28 Preisnotierung
Preisnotierung f BANK, BÖRSE direct quotation (price of one unit, or 100 units, of foreign currency, e.g. Dollar, in domestic currency, e.g. Euro; Preis einer Einheit der ausländischen Währung in inländischer Währung, z. B. 1 USD = 1,05 EUR; Gegensatz: Mengennotierung = indirect quotation = the inverse value of direct quotation = Kehrwert der Preisnotierung) • im Unterschied zur Preisnotierung BANK in contrast to the direct quotation* * *f <Bank, Börse> direct quotation (price of one unit, or 100 units, of foreign currency, e.g. Dollar, in domestic currency, e.g. Euro ; Preis einer Einheit der ausländischen Währung in inländischer Währung, z.B. 1 USD = 1,05 EUR ; Gegensatz: Mengennotierung = indirect quotation = the inverse value of direct quotation = Kehrwert der Preisnotierung) ■ im Unterschied zur Preisnotierung < Bank> in contrast to the direct quotation* * *Preisnotierung
quotation [of prices], prices quoted;
• neueste Preisnotierungen latest quotations;
• [festgesetzte] Preisobergrenze price ceiling, highest price level;
• Preisordnung price code;
• Preisortssystem multiple basing point system (US);
• Preispause price pause;
• Preisphilosophie pricing philosophy;
• Preispiraterie [open-]price piracy;
• Preisplattform price plateau. -
29 Währungsabkommen
Währungsabkommen n WIWI exchange rate agreement, ERA* * *n <Vw> exchange rate agreement (ERA)* * *Währungsabkommen
monetary (currency) agreement, monetary convention;
• Washingtoner Währungsabkommen Smithsonian Agreement (Br.);
• Währungsabstände monetary gaps;
• Währungsabteilung foreign exchange department;
• Währungsabwertung currency (exchange) depreciation, depreciation of currency, devaluation;
• Währungsanarchie monetary anarchy;
• Währungsänderung currency change-over;
• Währungsangaben monetary references;
• Währungsangleichung currency adjustment, adjustment of currencies;
• Währungsanleihe [foreign] currency loan;
• Währungsaufruhr monetary turmoil;
• Währungsaufwertung appreciation of a currency, currency revaluation (appreciation), exchange appreciation;
• Währungsausgleich equation of exchange (currency), exchange (quantity) equation;
• Währungsausgleichsfonds Exchange Equalization Fund (US), Exchange Equalization Account (Br.);
• Währungsausgleichszollzuschlag exchange compensation duty;
• Währungsausschuss monetary committee, national monetary commission;
• beratender Währungsausschuss (EU) Monetary Committee with advisory status;
• Währungsausweitung currency expansion;
• Währungsbank bank of issue;
• Währungsbehörden monetary (financial) authorities;
• Währungsbeirat monetary council;
• Währungsbereich currency (monetary) area;
• Währungsbeschränkungen currency (monetary) restrictions;
• Währungsbestände eines Devisenausländers non-resident sterling (Br.);
• Währungsbestimmungen currency (monetary) regulations;
• Währungsbeziehungen exchange arrangements;
• Währungsblock currency bloc;
• Währungsbuchführung multi-currency accounting;
• Währungsbuchhaltung currency accounting;
• Währungschaos monetary chaos;
• Währungscode currency (monetary) code;
• Währungsdeckung backing of notes;
• Währungsdisparitäten currency disparities;
• Währungsdisziplin monetary discipline;
• Währungsdumping currency dumping;
• Währungsdurcheinander monetary mess;
• Währungseinflüsse monetary influences;
• parallele Währungseingabe dual currency input;
• Währungseinheit monetary unit (standard), primary money;
• ausländische Währungseinheit foreign-currency unit;
• Währungsentwertung currency depreciation;
• Währungsexperte, Währungsfachmann currency economist;
• Währungsflucht currency evasion;
• Internationaler Währungsfonds (IMF) International Monetary Fund (IWF);
• Währungsfragen questions of currency, currency problems (questions);
• Währungsgarantie exchange risk guarantee;
• Währungsgebiet currency (monetary) area, monetary scene;
• Währungsgefährdung jeopardizing of currency;
• Währungsgeld standard money;
• Währungsgesetz currency law;
• Währungsgesetzgebung currency legislation;
• Währungsgesundung currency reform;
• Währungsgewinn exchange profit, monetary (currency) gain;
• nicht realisierte Währungsgewinne unrealized translation gains;
• Währungsgold stock of monetary gold;
• Währungsguthaben foreign currency balance, reserve assets, deposits of currency;
• Währungshoheit monetary sovereignty;
• Währungshüter monetary official;
• Währungshypothek mortgage on the currency;
• Währungsinflation monetary inflation;
• Währungsinstanzen monetary authorities;
• Europäisches Währungsinstitut European Monetary Institute;
• Währungsintegration monetary integration;
• Währungskapazitäten monetary leaders;
• Währungskatastrophe monetary disaster;
• Währungsklausel currency (exchange, standard) clause;
• Währungskommission monetary commission;
• Währungskompetenz monetary competence (US);
• Währungskonferenz monetary conference;
• Währungskontext monetary context;
• Währungskonto foreign-exchange account;
• Währungskontrolle controlled currency;
• Währungskonvergenz monetary convergence;
• Währungskonvertibilität convertibility of currency;
• uneingeschränkte Währungskonvertibilität unlimited currency convertibility;
• Währungskorb basket unit of account (currencies);
• Währungskredit foreign currency loan;
• Währungskrise monetary (currency) crisis, crisis in the money market;
• feste Währungskurse pegged exchange rates;
• Währungslage monetary situation;
• Währungsmacht (EU) monetary power;
• Währungsmanipulation, Währungsmanöver currency manipulation;
• Währungsmaßnahmen monetary measures;
• Währungsmechanismus monetary system;
• Währungsneuordnung monetary (currency) reform;
• Währungsoption currency option;
• Währungsorgan monetary body;
• Währungspanik money panic;
• Währungsparität equivalence of exchange, par value (parity) of a currency;
• seine Währungsparität langsam ändern to crawl one’s parity;
• Währungsparität neu festsetzen to re-establish the parity;
• Währungspolitik currency (monetary) policy;
• deflatorische Währungspolitik deflationary policy. -
30 Kodeverschlüsselungssystem
Kode·ver·schlüs·se·lungs·sys·temnt INFORM code cipher system -
31 Strichcodesystem
n < edv> ■ bar code system -
32 Typenschlüssel
-
33 Typformelschlüssel
m Bosch <kfz.el> (Zündkerze) ■ spark plug identification system Champion ; type designation code Bosch -
34 Chiffriertext
-
35 Chiffrierverfahren
Chiffrierverfahren
code system. -
36 Leitvermerk
Leitvermerk
route instruction, (auf Briefen) routing, indication of route;
• Leitvermerk festlegen to route;
• Leitvermerksbestimmung routing;
• Leitwährung key (leading) currency;
• Leitwegangaben forwarding instructions;
• Leitzahl code number;
• Leitzahlsystem [postal] zoning system;
• Leitzinssatz key [interest] rate, prime lending rate;
• festgelegter Leitzinssatz formula-established prime rate (US). -
37 Schlüsselverfahren
Schlüsselverfahren
code system -
38 Warenverknappung
Warenverknappung
shortage of goods, stock (merchandise) shortage, shortage of merchandise;
• Warenverpackung wrapping;
• Warenverpfändung pledge of goods;
• Warenversand consignment (shipping, US, sending, dispatch, shipment, US) of goods, commercial (merchandise) shipment (US);
• Warenversand auf dem normalen Postweg durchführen to send goods regularly by surface (Br.);
• Warenverschleuderung (auf dem Weltmarkt) dumping;
• Warenversender consignor;
• Warenversicherung insurance of merchandise;
• Warenverteilung distribution of goods;
• Warenvertrieb commodity marketing;
• Warenvertrieb im Großen sales transacted at large;
• Warenvertriebsorganisation merchandising organization;
• Warenverzeichnis list of commodities (goods, products), [merchandise] inventory, stock book, inventory of goods, commodity code (classification), (Faktur) invoice, manifest, (Schiff) ship’s manifest;
• Internationales Warenverzeichnis für den Außenhandel Standard International Trade Classification;
• Warenverzollung im Zolllager clearance of goods from warehouse;
• Warenvorrat shifting stock of merchandise, stock-in-trade, stock on hand, merchandise (stock) investment, stocked goods;
• Warenvorräte abbauen to liquidate an inventory;
• umfangreiche Warenvorräte haben to carry heavy stock;
• Warenvorschüsse advances against [hypothecation of] merchandise;
• Warenwechsel commercial (US) (mercantile, trade, business, US) paper, trade bill (acceptance), mercantile (sales, US) bill, bill drawn on goods sold;
• diskontfähiger kurzfristiger Warenwechsel good trade paper;
• Warenwerbung product advertising;
• zwanglose Warenwerbung soft sell (US);
• Warenwert goods (commodity) value, value of goods;
• Warenwertbescheinigung certificate of value;
• Warenwettbewerb commodity competition;
• Warenwiedereinfuhr reintroduction of goods into a country;
• Warenwirtschaftssystem goods economy system. -
39 Ausführungsrichtlinien
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > Ausführungsrichtlinien
-
40 Schlüsselsystem
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